SONG DYNASTY RULERS SERIES
The supersession of the Liao dynasty by the Jin dynasty was achieved following a series of successful military campaigns, as was the later unification of China proper under the Yuan dynasty on the other hand, the transition from the Eastern Han to the Cao Wei, as well as from the Southern Qi to the Liang dynasty, were cases of usurpation. Ĭases of dynastic transition ( 改朝換代 gǎi cháo huàn dài) in the history of China occurred primarily through two ways: military conquest and usurpation. This method of explanation has come to be known as the dynastic cycle. Some scholars have attempted to explain this phenomenon by attributing the success and failure of dynasties to the morality of the rulers, while others have focused on the tangible aspects of monarchical rule. The rise and fall of dynasties is a prominent feature of Chinese history. The victorious Qing dynasty extended its rule into China proper thereafter. History Start of dynastic rule Īn illustration of the Battle of Shanhai Pass, a decisive battle fought during the Ming–Qing transition.
wángcháo ( 王朝): while technically referring to royal dynasties, this term is often inaccurately applied to all dynasties, including those whose rulers held non-royal titles such as emperor.cháodài ( 朝代): an era corresponding to the rule of a dynasty.The following is a list of terms associated with the concept of dynasty in Chinese historiography: Politically, the word is taken to refer to the regime of the incumbent ruler. In the Chinese language, the character " cháo" ( 朝) originally meant "morning" and "today". 9.1 Timeline of major historical periods.5.3 Infiltration dynasties and conquest dynasties.As a form of respect and subordination, Chinese tributary states referred to Chinese dynasties as " Tiāncháo Shàngguó" ( 天朝上國 "Celestial Dynasty of the Exalted State") or " Tiāncháo Dàguó" ( 天朝大國 "Celestial Dynasty of the Great State"). Ĭhinese dynasties often referred to themselves as " Tiāncháo" ( 天朝 "Celestial Dynasty" or "Heavenly Dynasty"). The largest orthodox Chinese dynasty in terms of territorial size was either the Yuan dynasty or the Qing dynasty, depending on the historical source. The longest-reigning orthodox dynasty of China was the Zhou dynasty, ruling for a total length of 789 years, albeit it is divided into the Western Zhou and the Eastern Zhou in Chinese historiography, and its power was drastically reduced during the latter part of its rule. The word "dynasty" is usually omitted when making such adjectival references. For example, porcelain made during the Ming dynasty may be referred to as "Ming porcelain". Accordingly, a dynasty may be used to delimit the era during which a family reigned, as well as to describe events, trends, personalities, artistic compositions, and artifacts of that period. ĭividing Chinese history into periods ruled by dynasties is a convenient method of periodization. Dynasties of China were not limited to those established by ethnic Han-the dominant Chinese ethnic group-and its predecessor, the Huaxia tribal confederation, but also included those founded by non-Han peoples. From the inauguration of dynastic rule by Yu the Great in circa 2070 BC to the abdication of the Xuantong Emperor on 12 February 1912 in the wake of the Xinhai Revolution, China was ruled by a series of successive dynasties. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Manchu alphabet.ĭynasties in Chinese history, or Chinese dynasties, were hereditary monarchical regimes that ruled over China during much of its history.
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